CURRENT AFFAIR REVISION CAPSULE PART 1
HELLO FRIENDS ,
NOW YOU HAVE NO NEED TO READ DAILY MULTIPLE NEWSPAPER- NOW WE PRESENT SMART NOTES FOR UPSC CSE FROM THE HINDU, PIB ,INDIAN EXPRESS, RAJYA SABHA, AIR AND MANY MORE ONLINE OFFLINE CURRENT AFFAIRS-
WE RELATE CURRENT WITH GS STATIC PORTION FOR COMPLETE COVERAGE OF ISSUES.
THIS IS FIRST PART
FOREIGNERS TRIBUNALS
NEWS: Several orders of a Foreigners’ Tribunal in central Assam declaring some people as non-citizens have
been found missing from record, a recent order of the Gauhati High Court has revealed-
The court also expressed disappointment “over the way the member conducted himself”-
FOREIGNERS TRIBUNALS
Foreigners Tribunals is a QUASI JUDICIAL body-
Assam has 100 such tribunals that adjudicate the Foreigners Act of 1946 to decide the fate of people
suspected to be Bangladeshi by the Assam Police’s border wing formed in 1962 to initially prevent infiltration
of Pakistani nationals-
Power to establish foreigners tribunals lies with the DISTRICT MAGISTRATE-
ABOUT ARTICLE 35A
Article 35A of the Indian ConstituA of the state and provide special rights and privileges to those permanent residents- It was added to the Constitution through a Presidential Order-
It was added by a 1954 presidential order issued under Article 370, the constitutional provision that mediates the relationship between the Union of India and Kashmir
Article 35A also empowers the State’s legislature to frame any law without attracting a challenge on grounds of violating the Right to Equality of people from other States or any other right under the Constitution-
SUGGESTIONS GIVEN BY VICE PRESIDENT TO REDUCE PENDENCY IN JUDICIARYWHY? Huge pendency of over 3 crore cases in different courts across the country with some of them pending over for 50 years
SUGGESTIONS
1- Bifurcation of the Supreme Court and setting up of four Regional Benches of the Apex Court
2- Evolving Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that limit the number of adjournments
3- Timeframe for disposal of cases by the courts-
4- Recommendation of the Law Commission towards splitting the Supreme Court into Constitutional
Division and Courts of Appeal for steady disposal of cases-
5- Article 130 of the Constitution which says: “The Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or in such other place
or places, as the Chief Justice of India may, with the approval of the President, from time to time
appoint-”
ECI CELL TO MONITOR FAKE NEWSCandidates contesting the Maharashtra Assembly elections will be under watch not just physically, but also in the cyberspace, with the Election Commission of India (ECI) setting up a dedicated cell to monitor their activities on social media platforms ahead of the polls-
The cell will mainly be keeping an eye out for three kinds of violations-
The first kind is any content being shared that might amount to defamation, rumour-mongering or fake news,
and such instances will be forwarded to the concerned police units for further action-
The second is violation of the model code of conduct, which will be reported to the ECI-
The third category is of posts that might give rise to law and order problems, in which case they will be removed from the internet-
STUBBLE BURNINGNEWS: Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal on Thursday wrote to his counterparts in the neighbouring States of Punjab and Haryana and Union Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar urging them to take “bold, urgent action” on the issue of stubble burning-
SOLUTIONS FOR STUBBLE BURNING :
1- Government should encourage crop diversification-
2- Labour shortage should be addressed-
3- Happy Seeders and other such technologies should be available at rent-
4- Develop methods for effective use of paddy straw- Unlike wheat straw which can be used as fooder paddy straw cannot be used as it has high silica content, Paddy straw can be used for biomass
generation and government should provide facilities for the same-
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCTWHAT IS MCC?
These are the guidelines issued by the Election Commission of India for conduct of political parties and candidates during elections mainly with respect to speeches, polling day, polling booths, election manifestos, processions and general conduct-
AIM: To ensure free and fair elections-
WHEN DOES IT COMES INTO FORCE?
·The Model Code of Conduct comes into force immediately on announcement of the election schedule by the commission-·Election Commission (EC) has announced that Model Code of Conduct comes into force immediately in states where legislative assemblies have been dissolved prematurely-
·The Code remains in force till the end of the electoral process-
EVOLUTION:·The Commission issued the code for the first time in 1971 (5th Election) and revised it from time to time- This set of norms has been evolved with the consensus of political parties who have consented to abide by the principles embodied in the said code and also binds them to respect and observe it in its letter and spirit-
·The MCC is not enforceable by law- However, certain provisions of the MCC m ay be enforced through invoking corresponding provisions in other statutes such as the Indian Penal Code, 1860, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and Representation of the People Act, 1951-
·The Election Commission has argued against making the MCC legall y binding; stating that elections must be completed within a relatively short time (close to 45 days), and judicial proceedings typically take longer, therefore it is not feasible to make it enforceable by law-
THE MAIN POINTS OF THE CODE ARE:
·Government bodies are not to participate in any new recruitment process during the electoral process
·The contesting candidates and their campaigners must respect the home life of their rivals and should not disturb them by holding road shows or demonstrations in front of their houses- The code tells the candidates to keep it-
·The election campaign rallies and road shows must not hinder the road traffic-
·Candidates are asked to refrain from distributing liquor to voters- It is a widely known fact in India that during election campaigning, liquor may be distributed to the voters-
·The election code in force hinders the government or running party leaders from launching new welfare programmes like construction of roads, provision of drinking water facilities etc- or any ribbon-cutting ceremonies-
·The code instructs that public spaces like meeting grounds, helipads, government guest houses and bungalows should be equally shared among the contesting candidates- These public spaces should not be monopolised by a few candidates-
BAN ON E CIGARETTES:-WHAT ARE E-CIGARETTES AND HOW DO THEY WORK?
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or non-combustible tobacco products are known by many names— vapes, e-hookahs, electronic cigarettes and e-pipes e-cigarette, which is a battery-operated device, produces aerosol by heating a solution containing nicotine
among other things- The device contains nicotine and flavours in the form of liquid which is primarily composed of solvents such as glycerol and/or propylene glycol-
The aerosol containing a suspension of fine particles and gases simulates cigarette smoke-
Following a puff, the aerosol is delivered to the user’s mouth and lungs and the rest is exhaled-
WHY IN NEWS
the Union Cabinet approved the promulgation of the Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (production,
manufacture, import, export, transport, sale, distribution, storage and advertisement) Ordinance, 2019 with immediate effect As a result, anyone violating it will be imprisoned for up to one year or fined up to ₹1,00,000 or both for the first offence- Storage of electronic-cigarettes shall also be punishable
WHY BANNED?
1- Health issues
2- Could derail the government’s programme to reduce tobacco consumption-
3- According to a white paper on e-cigarettes by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR),
depending on the battery output voltage used, nicotine solvents can release in varying amounts
potential carcinogens such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acetone-
4- The liquid-vapourising solutions also contain “toxic chemicals and metals that can cause several
adverse health effects including cancers and diseases of the heart, lungs and brain ”-
5- Flavours such as diacetyl used in e-cigarettes are linked to serious lung disease- E-cigarettes also
contain volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, such as nickel, tin and lead-
6- exposure to nicotine during adolescence can cause addiction and can harm the developing adolescent brain
ABOUT ORDINANCE
Ordinances are the temporary laws having the effect of an act-
Article 123 of the Constitution empowers the President to promulgate ordinances during the recess of the Parliament- Similar power is given to Governor under Article 213 of the Constitution-
Limitations on Ordinance Making Power of President
1- It can be issued only when one House is not in session or during recess of Parliament-
2- An ordinance may be made under circumstances that require immediate action-
3- An ordinance can be made on only those subjects on which Parliament can make laws and subject to same limitations to which a Parliamentary law is subjected-
4- An ordinance needs to be presented before the Parliament when it reassembles- It ceases to operate
on the expiry of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament-
5- Without being approved by the Parliament ordinance can last six months and six weeks-
6- President can withdraw ordinance at any time- However President exercises the power on the advice of Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister-
7- Ordinance cannot be used to amend the Constitution-
8- In D C Wadhwa versus State of Bihar case (1987) Supreme Court ruled that it can strike down re
promulgated ordinances-
been found missing from record, a recent order of the Gauhati High Court has revealed-
The court also expressed disappointment “over the way the member conducted himself”-
FOREIGNERS TRIBUNALS
Foreigners Tribunals is a QUASI JUDICIAL body-
Assam has 100 such tribunals that adjudicate the Foreigners Act of 1946 to decide the fate of people
suspected to be Bangladeshi by the Assam Police’s border wing formed in 1962 to initially prevent infiltration
of Pakistani nationals-
Power to establish foreigners tribunals lies with the DISTRICT MAGISTRATE-
ABOUT ARTICLE 35A
Article 35A of the Indian ConstituA of the state and provide special rights and privileges to those permanent residents- It was added to the Constitution through a Presidential Order-
It was added by a 1954 presidential order issued under Article 370, the constitutional provision that mediates the relationship between the Union of India and Kashmir
Article 35A also empowers the State’s legislature to frame any law without attracting a challenge on grounds of violating the Right to Equality of people from other States or any other right under the Constitution-
SUGGESTIONS GIVEN BY VICE PRESIDENT TO REDUCE PENDENCY IN JUDICIARYWHY? Huge pendency of over 3 crore cases in different courts across the country with some of them pending over for 50 years
SUGGESTIONS
1- Bifurcation of the Supreme Court and setting up of four Regional Benches of the Apex Court
2- Evolving Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that limit the number of adjournments
3- Timeframe for disposal of cases by the courts-
4- Recommendation of the Law Commission towards splitting the Supreme Court into Constitutional
Division and Courts of Appeal for steady disposal of cases-
5- Article 130 of the Constitution which says: “The Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or in such other place
or places, as the Chief Justice of India may, with the approval of the President, from time to time
appoint-”
ECI CELL TO MONITOR FAKE NEWSCandidates contesting the Maharashtra Assembly elections will be under watch not just physically, but also in the cyberspace, with the Election Commission of India (ECI) setting up a dedicated cell to monitor their activities on social media platforms ahead of the polls-
The cell will mainly be keeping an eye out for three kinds of violations-
The first kind is any content being shared that might amount to defamation, rumour-mongering or fake news,
and such instances will be forwarded to the concerned police units for further action-
The second is violation of the model code of conduct, which will be reported to the ECI-
The third category is of posts that might give rise to law and order problems, in which case they will be removed from the internet-
STUBBLE BURNINGNEWS: Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal on Thursday wrote to his counterparts in the neighbouring States of Punjab and Haryana and Union Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar urging them to take “bold, urgent action” on the issue of stubble burning-
SOLUTIONS FOR STUBBLE BURNING :
1- Government should encourage crop diversification-
2- Labour shortage should be addressed-
3- Happy Seeders and other such technologies should be available at rent-
4- Develop methods for effective use of paddy straw- Unlike wheat straw which can be used as fooder paddy straw cannot be used as it has high silica content, Paddy straw can be used for biomass
generation and government should provide facilities for the same-
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCTWHAT IS MCC?
These are the guidelines issued by the Election Commission of India for conduct of political parties and candidates during elections mainly with respect to speeches, polling day, polling booths, election manifestos, processions and general conduct-
AIM: To ensure free and fair elections-
WHEN DOES IT COMES INTO FORCE?
·The Model Code of Conduct comes into force immediately on announcement of the election schedule by the commission-·Election Commission (EC) has announced that Model Code of Conduct comes into force immediately in states where legislative assemblies have been dissolved prematurely-
·The Code remains in force till the end of the electoral process-
EVOLUTION:·The Commission issued the code for the first time in 1971 (5th Election) and revised it from time to time- This set of norms has been evolved with the consensus of political parties who have consented to abide by the principles embodied in the said code and also binds them to respect and observe it in its letter and spirit-
·The MCC is not enforceable by law- However, certain provisions of the MCC m ay be enforced through invoking corresponding provisions in other statutes such as the Indian Penal Code, 1860, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and Representation of the People Act, 1951-
·The Election Commission has argued against making the MCC legall y binding; stating that elections must be completed within a relatively short time (close to 45 days), and judicial proceedings typically take longer, therefore it is not feasible to make it enforceable by law-
THE MAIN POINTS OF THE CODE ARE:
·Government bodies are not to participate in any new recruitment process during the electoral process
·The contesting candidates and their campaigners must respect the home life of their rivals and should not disturb them by holding road shows or demonstrations in front of their houses- The code tells the candidates to keep it-
·The election campaign rallies and road shows must not hinder the road traffic-
·Candidates are asked to refrain from distributing liquor to voters- It is a widely known fact in India that during election campaigning, liquor may be distributed to the voters-
·The election code in force hinders the government or running party leaders from launching new welfare programmes like construction of roads, provision of drinking water facilities etc- or any ribbon-cutting ceremonies-
·The code instructs that public spaces like meeting grounds, helipads, government guest houses and bungalows should be equally shared among the contesting candidates- These public spaces should not be monopolised by a few candidates-
BAN ON E CIGARETTES:-WHAT ARE E-CIGARETTES AND HOW DO THEY WORK?
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or non-combustible tobacco products are known by many names— vapes, e-hookahs, electronic cigarettes and e-pipes e-cigarette, which is a battery-operated device, produces aerosol by heating a solution containing nicotine
among other things- The device contains nicotine and flavours in the form of liquid which is primarily composed of solvents such as glycerol and/or propylene glycol-
The aerosol containing a suspension of fine particles and gases simulates cigarette smoke-
Following a puff, the aerosol is delivered to the user’s mouth and lungs and the rest is exhaled-
WHY IN NEWS
the Union Cabinet approved the promulgation of the Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (production,
manufacture, import, export, transport, sale, distribution, storage and advertisement) Ordinance, 2019 with immediate effect As a result, anyone violating it will be imprisoned for up to one year or fined up to ₹1,00,000 or both for the first offence- Storage of electronic-cigarettes shall also be punishable
WHY BANNED?
1- Health issues
2- Could derail the government’s programme to reduce tobacco consumption-
3- According to a white paper on e-cigarettes by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR),
depending on the battery output voltage used, nicotine solvents can release in varying amounts
potential carcinogens such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acetone-
4- The liquid-vapourising solutions also contain “toxic chemicals and metals that can cause several
adverse health effects including cancers and diseases of the heart, lungs and brain ”-
5- Flavours such as diacetyl used in e-cigarettes are linked to serious lung disease- E-cigarettes also
contain volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, such as nickel, tin and lead-
6- exposure to nicotine during adolescence can cause addiction and can harm the developing adolescent brain
ABOUT ORDINANCE
Ordinances are the temporary laws having the effect of an act-
Article 123 of the Constitution empowers the President to promulgate ordinances during the recess of the Parliament- Similar power is given to Governor under Article 213 of the Constitution-
Limitations on Ordinance Making Power of President
1- It can be issued only when one House is not in session or during recess of Parliament-
2- An ordinance may be made under circumstances that require immediate action-
3- An ordinance can be made on only those subjects on which Parliament can make laws and subject to same limitations to which a Parliamentary law is subjected-
4- An ordinance needs to be presented before the Parliament when it reassembles- It ceases to operate
on the expiry of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament-
5- Without being approved by the Parliament ordinance can last six months and six weeks-
6- President can withdraw ordinance at any time- However President exercises the power on the advice of Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister-
7- Ordinance cannot be used to amend the Constitution-
8- In D C Wadhwa versus State of Bihar case (1987) Supreme Court ruled that it can strike down re
promulgated ordinances-
ZONAL COUNCILS
NEWS: The 29th Northern Zonal Council meeting here on Friday saw member States deliberating on issues such as drug addiction, water sharing, rehabilitation of dam oustees and hurdles post the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax- Union Home Minister Amit Shah, who presided over the meeting, said that decisions taken by consensus would strengthen the federal structure of the country- He urged the CMs to ensure regular monitoring of cases related to narcotics, POCSO Act and murders-ABOUT ZONAL COUNCILS
1- Statutory Body
2- State Reorganization Act 1956
3- Act divided country into 5 zones: Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western and Central-
4- Each zonal council consists of Home Minister, CM of all the states in the Zone, two other ministers from each state in the Zone, Administrator of each UT in the zone
5- Aims at promoting cooperation between states, UT and Central Government-
6- HQ: Northern: New Delhi Eastern: Kolkatta, Western: Mumbai, Southern: Chennai, Central: Allahabad
